Improvement in calculating-machines



G. E. PATTERSON. Calculating-Machine.

No. 203,763. Patented May 14, 1878..

ATTORNEYS.

MPHEHS. FHOTO-LITHOGRAFHEH, W:.SK\HGTON. D C

UNITED S AT -s PATENT OEEIcE.

CHARLES E. PATTERSON, OF OOVINGTON TOWNSHIP, TIOGA COUNTY, PA.

IMPROVEMENT .lN cALCULATlNG MACHlNEs.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 203,763, dated May 14,1878; application filed A July 5, 1877.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES E. PATTER- soN, of Oovington township, Tiogacounty, Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful MachineUsed inMathematical Calculations, the plan of which machine and its practicalworkings are fully set forth in the followwill calculate the differencein dates, leaving only to find the difference between two singlenumbers, the sum of both not exceeding 364.

This machine is constructed in the following manner: K represents thecase inclosing the machine; A and B, two rollers, of equal size andlength, which have their bearings at I I. The cog-wheel O on roller A isattached to a shaft running through the center of the roller, and bothcog-wheel and roller are at-' tached fast to this shaft. The otherroller, B, turns upon a shaft running through the center, to which isattached fast cog-wheel D. H H represent a coil of paper or cloth, uponwhich, on both sides, are printed or written figures, in columnscorresponding in number to those on the right and left hand sides ofplate B in Figure 1. E represents a spring, one end of which is attachedto the roller B and the other attached to the shaft upon which thisroller turns, pressing in an opposite direction from which the coil orribbon of paper is moving, whether on or off from the roller. F and Grepresent stationary posts, which are fastened to the bottom of thecase. The plate R, which has narrow parallel slots to a, rests on theseposts F G, and the circular top plate 0, which has a large rectangularslot, 11, rests on said plate R. Both plates R and O are secured orfixed in position byscrews P ,that enter the upper ends of the posts.The annular or ring plate L has a lip or I R has two rows of flange onits inner edge, which is overlapped by a similanflange on the outer edgeof the circular plate 0, so that the plate L is held concentric with theplate 0, although movable around it. The plate L has a pendent toothedrim or flange, M, that meshes with the gear 0 D fixed on the respectiverollers A B. Hence, when the plate L is rotated or carried around thestationary plate 0, it will rotate the gears O D, and thereby turn therollers A B and cause the ribbon H to move in one direction or the otherby winding on one roller and off the other.

The several plates R O L are inscribed with figures, as follows:- Thecentral part of plate figures, one, (1, indicating rates of interest anddiscount, the other, 0, indicating price per pound. The movablering-plate L has four rows of figures on its face, to wit: the outer rowf, in-which the numbers run from 1 to 69, which are used in calculatingdiscount. The second row has several numerical divisions. One division,is composed of numbers from 1 to 29, inclusive, for days in a month. Thenext division, 71, has numbers from 1 to 11, for months in a year, thenumber 1' standing in lieu of 30, for days in a month. The nextdivision, 6, has numbers from 1 to 3, indicating years. (Of course, thenumber could be carried beyond 3 to indicate any greater number ofyears.)

These numerical divisions g h i are used in calculating interest. Thefourth division, j, is composed of numbers from 1 to 30, inclusive, forcalculating difierence between dates. The inner or third row, k, offigures on plate L runs from'l to 5, inclusive; but the space betweeneach two figures (say between 1 and 2, or between 2 and 3) is divided bygraduations into sixteen parts, to facilitate calculating cost of anynumber of pounds at any price per pound. On the outside edge of themovable plate L, Fig. 4:, is a row, Z, of figures, from I to 29. Theseare succeeded by the figure 2. Then the figures 1 to 29 are repeated,with 3 and 4 following in order after each such repetition. Thesefigures are used to calculate any numberof months into days, and viceversa. v

On one side of the fixed circular plate 0 is a row of figures, m, from 1to l5,inclusive,and repeated. These figures are used, in connection withthe outside row, f, of figures l to 69 on plate L, for calculating tareand net weight.

On the right side of the opening in plate 0 is a column composed of thenames of the months in-the year. This column is' used to calculate thedifference in time exactly between two dates.

A gage, U, is attached to plate 0, for use as hereinafter specified.

To operate the machine, the plate L is turned or rotated by means of thestud V. The straight-edge of gage U is shown in Fig. 1 next to figure 2in row 70 of plate L.

To calculate the price of any number of pounds at any price per pound,turn plate L to the left (see arrow) until the edge of gage U isopposite the number of pounds, when the aggregate price will appearthrough slot a on the band H opposite the price per pound in row 0 onplate R. For example, suppose the number of pounds is five and the priceper pound is six cents. Turn plate L to left until the number 5 of rowis is in line with the gage; then the number 30, which is the answersought, (in cents.) will appear on ribbon H opposite the price perpound-to wit, six centsin row 6 on the plate B.

To calculate net weight, turn plate L until the number in row isindicating gross weight comes opposite the number of pounds to bededucted, which will appear in row m on plate 0. The net weight willthen appear in front of gage U in row 70 on plate L, and by reference tothe figures on the roller A (shown through the opening in plate R) thecost at any price per pound will be shown. For example, suppose a butterdish weighs one pound, but when filled with butter weighs three pounds.In this case the tare is one pound; so, instead of turning the plateLuntil the number 3 is in line with the gage U, we-

should stop at the l-pound mark. Then the number 2, which indicates thenet weight, will he in front of the gage. The row m of figures is thusof use to show where to stopthe rota- .tion of plate L when we wish todeduct tare.

To calculate interest, proceed as follows: Suppose the number of daysfor which interest is to be calculated is twenty-nine and the rate percent. is six. Then turn plate L to the right until 29 in division g ofthe second row of figures thereon is in front of gage U. Then the amountof the interest of one dollar for twenty-nine days will appear on theribbon H opposite the number 6 of the righthand row (I of figures onplate It. By multiplying the principal by this amount the whole interestwill be ascertained.

To calculate difference in dates, place the gage U opposite the day ofthe month of the lesser date in division g of center circle of figuresin plate L. Then on the ribbon H, opposite the name of the month on theright of the opening a, will appear the number of days already past orgone by during the year. Then turn plate L to the left until gage U isopposite the number corresponding to greater date. Then on ribbon H,through the opening in plate It opposite the name of month, will beshown the number of days since the year began. The difference will bethe exact time. Where the time is in two different years, calculate fromlast date to first by the rule, then subtract from 365 for correctdifference.

To find the time between the 10th of February and the 12th of November,turn plate L until the number 10 in the second row of figures thereonappears in front of the gage U. Then look opposite February on plate E,and see how many days of the year have gone, which will be 4.1. Thenturn plate L until the number 12 (for 12th day of November) appears infront of gage U, and the number 316, which is the number of days past,will appear on ribbon H opposite November on plate 0. Then subtract 4.1from 316, which leaves 275, the number of days between February 10 andNovember 12. To find the time between November 12 and February 10,perform the same operation as before, and take the last result, or 275days, from 365 days, and g the remainder, 90, will be the number of daysbetween November 12 and February 10.

To reduce days-to months, or months to days, proceed as follows: Supposethe number of days is 60. First find 60 in the outer row f of figures onplate L, and then look on the edge I of said plate, directly oppositethe point where 60 is located, and the number 2 will be seen, which isthe answer required. If the number of days he 57, then 27 will appear onedge I, opposite 57, in row j, which is the number of days above acalendar month. Then, bylooking back on edge Z, the number 1 will befound inclosed in brackets, which indicates the month.

To calculate discount or per cent. off, placethe gage U opposite or inline with the number of dollars to be discounted, which will appear inthe outside circle of figures on plate L, Fig. 1. Then on the ribbon H,Fig. 1, opposite the rate per cent. of discount shown in lower part ofcolumn d of figures on plate R, will appear the answer-that is to say,the remainder.

What I claim is The combination of ribbon H, the two rollers and thegears or toothed wheels, the outside revolving plate L, a gage, and theapertured'plate B, said ribbon and plates bearing numbers, as shown anddescribed.

. CHAS. E. PATTERSON.

Witnesses i M. F. ELLIOTT, F. E. WATROUS.

